Similar to osteogenesis and bone repair, the healing and osteogenesis of bone substitutes depend on the osteogenesis-angiogenesis interplay which is controlled by different factors, including VEGF or by hypoxia. A brief review of the process of bone substitute angiogenesis is presented and illustrated by our histological and immunohistochemical findings taken from human biopsies after augmentation with a nanocrystalline synthetic bone substitute.
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