Temporal trends and spatial differences of perfluoroalkylated substances in livers of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) populations from Northern Europe, 1991-2008

Sci Total Environ. 2012 Mar 1:419:216-24. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.050. Epub 2012 Jan 29.

Abstract

Long-term temporal trends (1991-2008) and spatial differences of perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) were investigated in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) liver samples of juvenile females from the Baltic and North Sea. Additionally, spatial differences between the populations in the Baltic Sea and Atlantic Ocean (i.e. Iceland and Norway) and the influence of the body mass, age and sex on the PFAS concentrations were examined. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the predominant compound with a concentration range of 160-2425 ng/g wet weight (ww), followed by perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA, 1-237 ng/g ww) and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA, 3-124 ng/g ww). In terms of temporal trends, perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) and PFOSA concentrations decreased over time, while, conversely, the C(9)-C(13) perfluoroalkyl carboxylate (PFCA) concentrations increased. Spatial distribution of the contaminant concentrations showed consistently higher concentrations in the Baltic Sea and lowest concentrations in the Icelandic population of the Atlantic Ocean.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Atlantic Ocean
  • Carboxylic Acids / analysis*
  • Chromatography, Liquid
  • Environmental Monitoring
  • Europe
  • Female
  • Fluorocarbons / analysis*
  • Liver / chemistry*
  • Male
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • North Sea
  • Phocoena / metabolism*
  • Seasons
  • Sulfonamides / analysis*
  • Sulfonic Acids / analysis*
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*

Substances

  • Carboxylic Acids
  • Fluorocarbons
  • Sulfonamides
  • Sulfonic Acids
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • perfluorooctanesulfonamide