The impact of short stature on health-related quality of life in children with chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and short stature (SS) with that of children with CKD and normal height (NH), to evaluate the impact of catch-up growth and growth hormone (GH) use on HRQoL, and to describe the concordance of perceptions of HRQoL between children with SS and NH and their parents.

Study design: Four hundred eighty-three children and/or parents enrolled in the multicenter Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study who had completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (Version 4.0) on at least 2 Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study visits composed this substudy population. Participants were dichotomized into NH or SS groups. The demographic characteristics that varied at baseline (sex, glomerular filtration rate, and parent education) were controlled for in the main analysis evaluating the impact of catch-up growth and use of GH on HRQoL.

Results: Multivariate modeling (controlling for confounding variables) revealed a significant association between both catch-up growth and GH use on parent-proxy reports of child physical functioning (P < .05) and social functioning (P < .05). Older children with CKD (15-17 years old) had significantly higher ratings than their parents on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Physical, Emotional, Social, and School Functioning scales compared with younger children (8-14 years old).

Conclusion: The finding that height gains and GH use are associated with increases in physical and social functioning by parent report provides additional support for interventions to improve height in children with CKD. The importance of evaluating both the parent and child perceptions of HRQoL is supported by our results.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00327860.

Keywords: CKD; CKiD; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children; Chronic kidney disease; Estimated glomerular filtration rate; GH; Growth hormone; HRQoL; Health-related quality of life; Iohexol-based glomerular filtration rate; ME; Maternal education; NH; Normal height; Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory; PedsQL; Reflects the use of iGFR if it is available, eGFR if it is not; SS; Short stature; eGFR; iGFR; ieGFR.