Abstract
The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) was an important event for immunology research and was recognized as such with the awarding of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Jules Hoffmann and Bruce Beutler, who, together with Ralph Steinman, the third winner of the 2011 Nobel Prize and the person who discovered the dendritic cell, were pioneers in the field of innate immunity. TLRs have a central role in immunity - in this Timeline article, we describe the landmark findings that gave rise to this important field of research.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / immunology
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Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / metabolism
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Cytokines / immunology
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Cytokines / metabolism
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Humans
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Immunity, Innate / immunology*
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Inflammation Mediators / immunology
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Inflammation Mediators / metabolism
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Interferon Regulatory Factor-3
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Interferon Regulatory Factor-7
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / immunology
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Models, Immunological
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NF-kappa B / immunology
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NF-kappa B / metabolism
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Protein Isoforms / immunology
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Protein Isoforms / metabolism
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Signal Transduction / immunology*
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Toll-Like Receptors / immunology*
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Toll-Like Receptors / metabolism
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Transcription Factor AP-1 / immunology
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Transcription Factor AP-1 / metabolism
Substances
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Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein
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Cytokines
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IRF3 protein, human
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IRF7 protein, human
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Inflammation Mediators
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Interferon Regulatory Factor-3
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Interferon Regulatory Factor-7
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NF-kappa B
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Protein Isoforms
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Toll-Like Receptors
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Transcription Factor AP-1
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases