Conserved inhibitory mechanism and competent ATP binding mode for adenylyltransferases with Fic fold

PLoS One. 2013 May 30;8(5):e64901. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064901. Print 2013.

Abstract

The ubiquitous FIC domain is evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to human and has been shown to catalyze AMP transfer onto protein side-chain hydroxyl groups. Recently, it was predicted that most catalytically competent Fic proteins are inhibited by the presence of an inhibitory helix αinh that is provided by a cognate anti-toxin (class I), or is part of the N- or C-terminal part of the Fic protein itself (classes II and III). In vitro, inhibition is relieved by mutation of a conserved glutamate of αinh to glycine. For the class III bacterial Fic protein NmFic from Neisseria meningitidis, the inhibitory mechanism has been elucidated. Here, we extend above study by including bacterial class I and II Fic proteins VbhT from Bartonella schoenbuchensis and SoFic from Shewanella oneidensis, respectively, and the respective E->G mutants. Comparative enzymatic and crystallographic analyses show that, in all three classes, the ATP substrate binds to the wild-type FIC domains, but with the α-phosphate in disparate and non-competent orientations. In the E->G mutants, however, the tri-phosphate moiety is found reorganized to the same tightly bound structure through a unique set of hydrogen bonds with Fic signature motif residues. The γ-phosphate adopts the location that is taken by the inhibitory glutamate in wild-type resulting in an α-phosphate orientation that can be attacked in-line by a target side-chain hydroxyl group. The latter is properly registered to the Fic active center by main-chain β-interactions with the β-hairpin flap. These data indicate that the active site motif and the exposed edge of the flap are both required to form an adenylylation-competent Fic protein.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism*
  • Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate / metabolism
  • Bartonella / enzymology
  • Biocatalysis
  • Catalytic Domain*
  • Conserved Sequence*
  • Glutamic Acid
  • Models, Molecular
  • Mutation
  • Nucleotidyltransferases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Nucleotidyltransferases / chemistry
  • Nucleotidyltransferases / genetics
  • Nucleotidyltransferases / metabolism*
  • Protein Binding
  • Shewanella / enzymology

Substances

  • Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate
  • Glutamic Acid
  • Adenosine Triphosphate
  • Nucleotidyltransferases
  • glutamine-synthetase adenylyltransferase

Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants 31003A 312979 and 3100 138414 from the Swiss National Science Foundation (to CD and TS, respectively) and grant 51RT 0_126008 (InfectX) in the frame of the SystemsX.ch Swiss Initiative for Systems Biology (to CD). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.