Pleiotropic regulation of mitochondrial function by adipose triglyceride lipase-mediated lipolysis

Abstract

Lipolysis is defined as the catabolism of triacylglycerols (TGs) stored in cellular lipid droplets. Recent discoveries of essential lipolytic enzymes and characterization of numerous regulatory proteins and mechanisms have fundamentally changed our perception of lipolysis and its impact on cellular metabolism. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme for TG catabolism in most cells and tissues. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the (patho)physiological impact due to defective lipolysis by ATGL deficiency on mitochondrial (dys)function. Depending on the type of cells and tissues investigated, absence of ATGL has pleiotropic roles in mitochondrial function.

Keywords: ATGL; Adipose triglyceride lipase; BAT; DG; ER; FFA; Lipotoxicity; Mitochondrial function; PGC-1; PPAR; TG; Triacylglycerol; WAT; Wt; adipose triglyceride lipase; brown adipose tissue; diacylglycerol; endoplasmic reticulum; free fatty acids; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1; triacylglycerol; white adipose tissue; wild-type.