T-wave axis deviation and left ventricular hypertrophy interaction in diabetes and hypertension

J Electrocardiol. 2013 Nov-Dec;46(6):487-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2013.08.002. Epub 2013 Sep 6.

Abstract

Electrocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG-LVH) and T-wave axis (TA) deviation are independent predictors of fatal and non fatal events. We assessed the prevalence of ECG-LVH, TA abnormalities and their combination according to the presence or absence of diabetes and/or hypertension in a large sample of the adult general Italian population. Data from 10,184 women (54 ± 11 years) and 8775 men (54 ± 11 years) were analyzed from the Moli-sani cohort, a database of randomly recruited adults (age >35) from the general population of Molise, a central region of Italy that includes collection of standard 12-lead resting ECG. Subjects with previous myocardial infarction, angina, cerebrovascular disease or left bundle brunch block or missing values for TA or ECG-LVH have been excluded. TA was measured from the standard 12-lead ECG and it was defined as the rotation of the T wave in the frontal plane as computed by a proprietary algorithm (CalECG/Bravo, AMPS-LLC, NY). ECG-LVH was defined as Sokolow Lyon voltage (SLv) >35 mm or Cornell voltage duration Product (CP) >= 2440 mm*ms. Among subjects with ECG-LVH, prevalence of hypertension was 59.0% and 49.7%, respectively for men and women, whereas that of diabetes was 10.7% and 5.7%. In hypertensives, TA was normal in 72.3% of subjects, borderline in 24.8% and abnormal in 2.9%. In diabetics, TA was normal in 70.4% of subjects, borderline in 26.5% and abnormal in 3.1%. In both hypertensive and diabetic subjects, the prevalence of ECG-LVH, was significantly greater in subjects with borderline or abnormal TA. Hypertension was an independent predictor of abnormal TA (odd ratio: 1.38, P = .025). These results suggest that hypertension might play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of TA deviation.

Keywords: Coronary artery disease; Diabetes; Hypertension; Left ventricular hypertrophy T-wave axes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Causality
  • Comorbidity
  • Diabetes Mellitus / diagnosis*
  • Diabetes Mellitus / epidemiology*
  • Electrocardiography / methods
  • Electrocardiography / statistics & numerical data*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / diagnosis*
  • Hypertension / epidemiology*
  • Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / diagnosis*
  • Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / epidemiology*
  • Italy / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Prevalence
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Risk Factors
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Sex Distribution