An empirical study of defensive avoidance in paranoia

Behav Cogn Psychother. 2015 Mar;43(2):182-99. doi: 10.1017/S1352465813000805. Epub 2013 Sep 27.

Abstract

Background: There is controversy as to whether psychological defensive avoidance is associated with paranoia.

Aims: To elucidate whether "Poor-me" paranoid patients, who believe that the persecution they perceive is undeserved, show more prominent avoidance of negative thoughts about themselves than healthy and clinical controls.

Method: The act of avoidance of aversive mental contents was assessed in 27 healthy controls and 48 patients with poor-me, bad-me (perceived to be deserved) or no paranoia. Defensive avoidance was assessed via established questionnaires, a novel task based on self-discrepancy theory and research-clinician ratings.

Results: Participants in all groups showed substantial levels of verbal defensive avoidance. Paranoia was associated with reduced self-reported tolerance of negative mental contents (high Experiential Avoidance, EA). Contrary to our hypotheses, poor-me and bad-me patients showed similar EA. All participant groups showed similar levels of verbal defensive avoidance.

Conclusion: The findings do not support an association of psychological avoidance with paranoia.

Keywords: self-discrepancies.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Avoidance Learning*
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Internal-External Control
  • Male
  • Paranoid Disorders / psychology*
  • Schizophrenia, Paranoid / psychology
  • Self Concept
  • Surveys and Questionnaires