Objective: To explore the major risk factors and early prediction methods in the pathogenesis of early onset preeclampsia through combining prenatal screening markers and epidemiological characteristics.
Methods: Prenatal screening was performed in second trimester using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 1,011 gravidas and epidemiological correlation factors were got by telephone with prospective cohort study. Predictive model of early onset preeclampsia was established and evaluated by single and multiple factor logistic analysis in 30 cases of preeclampsia and 867 cases of normal gravidas.
Results: As compared with the control group, the maternal serum level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in second trimester of patients with early onset preeclampsia elevated significantly (P < 0.001). Pregestational BMI ≥ 24 kg/m(2) (OR = 3.649, 95 % CI 1.600-8.321, P = 0.002), history of hypertension, diabetes and nephritis (OR = 55.724, 95 % CI 8.223-377.614, P < 0.001), family history of hypertension (OR = 6.777, 95 % CI 2.917-15.742, P < 0.001), and risk coefficient for trisomy 21 (OR = 3.688, 95 % CI 1.013-13.429, P = 0.048) were major risk factors of early onset preeclampsia. The sensitivity and specificity of predictive model were 70.0 and 75.1 %, when cutoff point was 0.249. The diagnostic accuracy of the logistic model was better than hCG.
Conclusions: In order to early prevent the onset and development of EOPE, it is necessary to strengthen pregestational and prenatal care for women in these aspects including pregestational BMI ≥ 24 kg/m(2), history of hypertension, diabetes, nephritis, family history of hypertension, and high risk for trisomy 21 syndrom.