Long noncoding RNAs: Novel insights into hepatocelluar carcinoma

Abstract

Recent advances in non-protein coding part of human genome analysis have discovered extensive transcription of large RNA transcripts that lack of coding protein function, termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). It is becoming evident that lncRNAs may be an important class of pervasive genes involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis. However, the biological and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in diverse diseases are not yet fully understood. Thus, it is anticipated that more efforts should be made to clarify the lncRNAs world. Moreover, accumulating studies have demonstrated that a class of lncRNAs are dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and closely related with tumorigenesis, metastasis, prognosis or diagnosis. In this review, we will briefly discuss the regulation and functional role of lncRNAs in HCC, therefore evaluating the potential of lncRNAs as prospective novel therapeutic targets in HCC.

Keywords: CCKBR; CDH1; CLDN1; CREB; DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4; E-cadherin; EZH2; Function; Gtl2; HBx; HCC; HOTAIR; HOXC; HSC; Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); IGF2; IGF2 mRNA-binding proteins; IGF2BP; KRT-19; KRT-8; Long noncoding RNAs; MALAT1; MAML1; MEF2C; MEG3; MVIH; P21 associated ncRNA DNA damage activated; PANDA; PGK1; PIWI-interacting RNAs; PRC2; RAB4B; Ras-related GTP-binding protein 4B; SNPs; TERRA; TERT; TSA; Therapeutic targets; Trichostatin A; cAMP responsive element binding protein; cholecystokinin-B receptor; claudin 1; cytokeratin-19; cytokeratin-8; down-regulated expression by hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx); gene trap locus 2; hepatic stellate cells; hepatitis B virus X protein; hepatocellular carcinoma; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K; hnRNP-K; homeobox transcription factors C; hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA; insulin-like growth factor 2; lncRNA High Expression In HCC; lncRNA Low Expression in Tumor; lncRNA-Dreh; lncRNA-HEIH; lncRNA-LET; lncRNAs; lncRNAs associated with microvascular invasion in HCC; long noncoding RNAs; mastermind-like-1; maternally expressed gene 3; metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; miRNAs; microRNAs; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C; ncRNAs; non-coding RNAs; phospho-glycerate kinase 1; piRNAs; polycomb-repressive complex 2; siRNAs; single nucleotide polymorphisms; small interfering RNAs; telomerase reverse transcriptase; telomeric repeat-containing RNA; zeste homolog 2.