Abstract
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome that is heterogeneous in both pathophysiology and etiology. This article describes some of the common mechanisms underlying heart failure, and reviews common causes. Informative diagnostic testing is reviewed.
Keywords:
Diagnosis; Etiology; Heart failure; Pathophysiology.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
-
Apoptosis / physiology
-
Calcium Channels / physiology
-
Cardiac Imaging Techniques
-
Cardiomegaly / complications
-
Cardiomegaly / diagnosis
-
Cardiomyopathies / complications
-
Cardiomyopathies / diagnosis
-
Diagnosis, Differential
-
Heart Failure / diagnosis
-
Heart Failure / etiology*
-
Heart Valve Diseases / complications
-
Heart Valve Diseases / diagnosis
-
Hemodynamics / physiology
-
Humans
-
Hypertension / complications
-
Hypertension / diagnosis
-
Mutation / genetics
-
Myocardial Ischemia / complications
-
Myocardial Ischemia / diagnosis
-
Neurotransmitter Agents / physiology
-
Ventricular Remodeling / physiology
Substances
-
Calcium Channels
-
Neurotransmitter Agents