Comparison of screw trajectory on stability of oblique scaphoid fractures: a mechanical study

J Hand Surg Am. 2014 Mar;39(3):430-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.12.015.

Abstract

Purpose: To determine whether a screw placed perpendicular to the fracture line in an oblique scaphoid fracture will provide fixation strength that is comparable with that of a centrally placed screw.

Methods: Oblique osteotomies were made along the dorsal sulcus of 8 matched pairs of cadaveric scaphoids. One scaphoid from each pair was randomized to receive a screw placed centrally down the long axis. In the other scaphoid, a screw was placed perpendicular to the osteotomy. Each scaphoid underwent cyclic loading from 80 N to 120 N at 1 Hz. Cyclic loading was carried out until 2 mm of fracture displacement occurred or 4,000 cycles was reached. The specimens that reached the 4,000-cycle limit were then loaded to failure. Screw length, number of cycles, and load to failure were compared between the groups.

Results: We found no difference in number of cycles or load to failure between the 2 groups. Screws placed perpendicular to the fracture line were significantly shorter than screws placed down the central axis.

Conclusions: A perpendicularly placed screw provides equivalent strength to one placed along the central axis.

Clinical relevance: Compared with a screw placed centrally in an oblique scaphoid fracture, a screw placed perpendicular to the fracture line allows the use of a shorter screw without sacrificing strength of fixation.

Keywords: Biomechanics; internal fixation; scaphoid fracture; wrist.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Bone Screws*
  • Cadaver
  • Fracture Fixation, Internal / instrumentation*
  • Fractures, Bone / surgery*
  • Humans
  • Osteotomy
  • Prosthesis Failure
  • Random Allocation
  • Scaphoid Bone / injuries*
  • Scaphoid Bone / surgery*
  • Stress, Mechanical
  • Treatment Outcome