Real-time breath analysis with active capillary plasma ionization-ambient mass spectrometry

J Breath Res. 2014 Jun;8(2):027102. doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/8/2/027102. Epub 2014 Mar 28.

Abstract

On-line analysis of exhaled human breath is a growing area in analytical science, for applications such as fast and non-invasive medical diagnosis and monitoring. In this work, we present a novel approach based on ambient ionization of compounds in breath and subsequent real-time mass spectrometric analysis. We introduce a plasma ionization source for this purpose, which has no need for additional gases, is very small, and is easily interfaced with virtually any commercial atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer (API-MS) without major modifications. If an API-MS instrument exists in a laboratory, the cost to implement this technology is only around [Formula: see text]500, far less than the investment for a specialized mass spectrometric system designed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis. In this proof-of-principle study we were able to measure mass spectra of exhaled human breath and found these to be comparable to spectra obtained with other electrospray-based methods. We detected over 100 VOCs, including relevant metabolites like fatty acids, with molecular weights extending up to 340 Da. In addition, we were able to monitor the time-dependent evolution of the peaks and show the enhancement of the metabolism after a meal. We conclude that this approach may complement current methods to analyze breath or other types of vapors, offering an affordable option to upgrade any pre-existing API-MS to a real-time breath analyzer.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Breath Tests / instrumentation*
  • Breath Tests / methods*
  • Computer Systems*
  • Exhalation*
  • Female
  • Gases / analysis
  • Gases / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mass Spectrometry / instrumentation*
  • Mass Spectrometry / methods*
  • Plasma Gases / chemistry*
  • Principal Component Analysis
  • Volatile Organic Compounds / analysis
  • Volatile Organic Compounds / chemistry

Substances

  • Gases
  • Plasma Gases
  • Volatile Organic Compounds