Stroke incidence and risk factors in Havana and Matanzas, Cuba

Abstract

Introduction: Cerebrovascular disease is the third-leading cause of death and the second-leading cause of disability and dementia.

Objective: Determine stroke incidence and risk factors in a population of adults aged 65 and over in Cuba (Havana and Matanzas).

Material and methods: This prospective longitudinal study, completed between April 2008 and Abril 2011, re-evaluated 2916 elderly adults with an average follow-up time of 4 years. Cases included 2316 living subjects and 600 verbal autopsies. Study variables were age, sex, educational level, self-reported health, and description of chronic diseases and substance abuse. Laboratory tests included genotyping APOE. Stroke was diagnosed based on the World Health Organization definition. We calculated the global incidence rate for stroke, broken down by sex, age group, and risk factors for incident stroke.

Results: Stroke incidence was 786.2 in 100000 persons/year (95% CI: 672.3-906.4). History of alcohol consumption (HR: 3.5; 95% CI: 3.3-3.7), dementia (HR: 3.0; 95% CI, 1.6-5.5) and male sex (HR: 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.8) were shown to be risk factors for incident stroke.

Conclusions: Stroke incidence was similar to rates reported in developed countries and lower than that in low- to middle-income countries. Given that diabetes mellitus, heart disease, arterial hypertension, smoking, APOE4, etc. are associated with higher mortality rates, they will require separate analysis in a study of stroke risk factors.

Keywords: Apolipoprotein E4; Apolipoproteína E4; Factores de riesgo; Ictus; Incidence; Incidencia; Risk factors; Stroke.