Kinetics of hepatitis B surface antigen loss in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

Abstract

Background & aims: In a study of 266 chronic hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients, 23 experienced hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss with up to 5 years of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) treatment. HBsAg kinetics in patients with and without HBsAg loss and predictors of HBsAg loss were evaluated.

Methods: HBsAg levels were quantified every 12 weeks. A multivariable regression analysis, involving prespecified baseline characteristics and on-treatment response parameters, was performed; a stepwise procedure identified independent predictors of HBsAg loss.

Results: Among patients with HBsAg loss, 14 (61%), 1 (4%), 0 and 7 (30%) were genotypes A through D, respectively; 1 (4%) was genotype F. HBsAg loss was preceded by viral suppression (HBV DNA <29 IU/ml; n=23) and HBeAg loss (n=19). Among treated patients the strongest independent predictors of HBsAg loss were Caucasian race with genotype A/D and ⩽4 years of infection (HR=14.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7-43.4; p<0.0001) and an HBsAg decline of ⩾1 log10 IU/ml at week 24 (HR=13.7, 95% CI 5.6-33.7; p<0.0001). Among TDF-treated patients, a reduction in HBsAg level of ⩾1-log10 by week 12 or 24 had a positive predictive value of 35%-45%, respectively, and a negative predictive value of 94%-97%, respectively.

Conclusions: HBsAg loss in HBeAg-positive patients receiving TDF involves a chronology of virologic and serologic responses; patients with HBV genotypes A or D and a rapid early decline in HBsAg are more likely to lose HBsAg.

Keywords: Chronic hepatitis B; Hepatitis B surface antigen; Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.