Small-molecule inhibitors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1): synthesis and biological evaluation

J Med Chem. 2014 Sep 25;57(18):7702-15. doi: 10.1021/jm5009314. Epub 2014 Sep 8.

Abstract

The synthesis of imidazole styrylbenzamide, tert-butyl styrylimidazole, and tert-butyl styrylsulfonate derivatives is described. Evaluation of binding affinity and inhibitory activity against CYP24A1 identified the imidazole styrylbenzamides as potent inhibitors of CYP24A1, having selectivity with respect to CYP27B1 comparable with or greater than that of the standard ketoconazole. Further evaluation of the 3,5-dimethoxy and 3,4,5-trimethoxy derivatives in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells revealed that co-treatment of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 plus inhibitor coordinately upregulated GADD45α and CDKN1A. Docking experiments on the inhibitors in the CYP24A1 enzyme active site suggest the compounds reach the active site through the vitamin D access tunnel and are exposed to multiple hydrophobic residues. The imidazole styrylbenzamides are optimally positioned to allow interaction of the imidazole with the heme, and, in the case of the methoxy derivatives, a hydrogen bond between the 3-methoxy group and Gln82 stabilizes the molecule in a favorable active conformation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents / metabolism
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Catalytic Domain
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors / chemical synthesis*
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors / metabolism
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Heme / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Imidazoles / chemical synthesis
  • Imidazoles / chemistry
  • Imidazoles / metabolism
  • Imidazoles / pharmacology
  • Inhibitory Concentration 50
  • Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / pathology
  • Models, Molecular
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase / chemistry

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Imidazoles
  • Heme
  • Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase