Clusterin/apolipoprotein J attenuates angiotensin II-induced renal fibrosis

PLoS One. 2014 Aug 22;9(8):e105635. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105635. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

The blockade of angiotensin II (Ang II) is a major therapeutic strategy for diabetic nephropathy. The main roles of Ang II in renal disease are mediated via the Ang type 1 receptor (AT1R). Upregulation of clusterin/apolipoprotein J has been reported in nephropathy models, suggesting it has a protective role in nephropathogenesis. Here, we studied how clusterin acts against Ang II-induced renal fibrosis. Levels of AT1R and fibrotic markers in clusterin-/- mice and Ang II infused rats transfected with an adenovirus encoding clusterin were evaluated by immunoblot analysis, real time RT-PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. The effect of clusterin on renal fibrosis was evaluated in NRK-52E cells, a cultured renal tubular epithelial cell line, using immunoblot analysis and real time RT-PCR. Nuclear localization of NF-κB was evaluated using immunofluorecence and co-immunoprecipitation. Renal fibrosis and expression of AT1R was higher in the kidneys of clusterin-/- mice than in those of wild-type mice. Furthermore, loss of clusterin accelerated Ang II-stimulated renal fibrosis and AT1R expression. Overexpression of clusterin in proximal tubular epithelial cells decreased the levels of Ang II-stimulated fibrotic markers and AT1R. Moreover, intrarenal delivery of clusterin attenuated Ang II-mediated expression of fibrotic markers and AT1R in rats. Fluorescence microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation in conjunction with western blot revealed that clusterin inhibited Ang II-stimulated nuclear localization of p-NF-κB via a direct physical interaction and subsequently decreased the AT1R level in proximal tubular epithelial cells. These data suggest that clusterin attenuates Ang II-induced renal fibrosis by inhibition of NF-κB activation and subsequent downregulation of AT1R. This study raises the possibility that clusterin could be used as a therapeutic target for Ang II-induced renal diseases.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Angiotensin II / genetics
  • Angiotensin II / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Clusterin / genetics
  • Clusterin / metabolism*
  • Fibrosis / genetics
  • Fibrosis / metabolism
  • Fibrosis / pathology
  • Humans
  • Kidney Diseases / genetics
  • Kidney Diseases / metabolism*
  • Kidney Diseases / pathology
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / genetics
  • Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / metabolism

Substances

  • Clu protein, mouse
  • Clu protein, rat
  • Clusterin
  • Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1
  • Angiotensin II

Grants and funding

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2010-0019514, 2012R1A2A2A01043867, NRF-2012R1A1A1010047, NRF-2013R1A1A3007064), a grant from the Korea Health Technology R & D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (A111345), the Korean Diabetes Association Grant (2011) and by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (NO. 2006-2005412). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.