Background context: Atlantoaxial instability is commonly treated with C1-C2 fixation performed via posterior approaches. Although anterior transarticular screw (ATS) fixation, performed with a classic retropharyngeal approach, was described more than 10 years ago, the published literature still lacks a comprehensive analysis of the procedure and a real case series.
Purpose: We report a series of patients treated with atlantoaxial ATS, describing the surgical procedure in detail and discussing advantages and disadvantages of the technique.
Study design: The study design includes case series and technical report.
Methods: We prospectively enrolled 15 patients affected by atlantoaxial instability secondary to trauma, degenerative diseases, or inflammatory diseases. Anterior transarticular screw fixation was performed with anteroposterior open-mouth and lateral intraoperative radiographs. All patients were evaluated radiologically at follow-up to identify bone fusion.
Results: Anterior transarticular screw was performed successfully in 14 patients without complications. The procedure was aborted in a case of vertebral invagination, and one case required revision surgery owing to C2 articular bone fracture. Solid C1-C2 fusion was achieved in all cases (at 10- to 21-week follow-up) except in an elderly patient affected by severe osteoporosis. No complications occurred.
Conclusions: Although the procedure is still not widely known, ATS allows the effective and safe treatment of C1-C2 instability even in patients with systemic comorbidities. It offers several advantages over posterior approaches.
Keywords: Atlantoaxial instability; Atlantoaxial screw fixation; Atlas; Axis; Craniocervical junction; Transarticular screw fixation.
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