[Epidemiology of urolithiasis in Belgium on the basis of a morpho-constitutional classification]

Abstract

Urolithiasis is a common condition, with a prevalence of ∼10% and a male/female ratio above 1 according to large national series. Various types of urinary stones have been described upon their mineral content and/or their morphology. Hence, a combined morpho-constitutional (M-C) classification has been proposed. In order to detail the prevalence of urolithiasis in general and of each M-C type in particular upon age and gender in Belgium, we retrospectively studied the database of a reference center for urolithiasis analysis. Between 2010 and 2013, 2195 stones were characterized. We excluded 45 non-biological stones and 281 stones, which originated from outside the study zone. Among 1869 stones, 1293 (69.2%) affected men. Prevalence peak of urolithiasis was observed between 50-60 years of age in both genders. The M-C analysis was available for 1854 stones (99.2%): multiple morphological types were concomitantly identified in 49.3%. In the whole population, the main mineral constituent was whewellite (54.4%), mainly organized as type Ia (94%). Weddellite was found in 19.8%, with an equal distribution between types IIa and IIb. Uric acid was the 3rd most frequent constituent in man, with a similar distribution between IIIa and IIIb. Phosphate was uncommon in man (8.2%), but frequent in woman (26.6%) with a type IVa1 organization. Prevalence of M-C types changes with aging, i.e. decrease of weddellite and increase of whewellite and uric acid in both genders. This retrospective analysis of a single-center database of urinary stones helps characterize the M-C epidemiology of urolithiasis in Belgium.

Keywords: Calculs; Epidemiology; Gender ratio; Lithiase; Lithiasis; Prevalence; Prévalence; Rapport hommes/femmes; Urinary stones; Urolithiase; Urolithiasis; Épidémiologie.