Atrial fibrillation incidence and risk factors in relation to race-ethnicity and the population attributable fraction of atrial fibrillation risk factors: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Ann Epidemiol. 2015 Feb;25(2):71-6, 76.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.11.024. Epub 2014 Nov 28.

Abstract

Purpose: We studied incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in the prospective community-based Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Reportedly, non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) have a lower AF burden compared with their non-Hispanic white (NHW) counterparts. Information on the epidemiology of AF in Hispanic and Asian populations is much more limited.

Methods: We excluded participants with a history of AF at enrollment. A total of 6721 MESA participants were monitored for the first AF event ascertained according to hospital discharge International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates (IRs) of AF were calculated per 1000 person-years of observation. IR ratios were calculated using NHWs as the reference group. Age- and sex-adjusted population attributable fractions (PAFs) of established modifiable AF risk factors were ascertained.

Results: In the MESA cohort, 47.2% was male; at baseline, 25.7% had hypertension; 12.5% had diabetes. Three hundred five incident hospitalized AF events occurred over a mean follow-up of 7.3 years. Age- and sex-adjusted IRs and IR ratios showed that overall AF incidence was significantly lower among Hispanics, NHBs and Chinese compared with NHWs (all P < .001). Among participants 65 years of age or greater, Hispanics, Chinese, and blacks had significantly lower AF incidence than NHWs (all P ≤ .01), but IRs were similar among participants under age 65 years. The PAF for smoking was 27% among NHBs but lower among other race-ethnic groups. Among NHWs, the PAF for hypertension was 22.2%, but this was higher among NHBs (33.1%), Chinese (46.3%), and Hispanics (43.9%).

Conclusions: Overall, the incidence of hospitalized AF was significantly lower in Hispanics, NHBs, and Chinese than in NHWs. A larger proportion of AF events appear to be attributable to hypertension among nonwhite populations compared with NHWs.

Keywords: Atrial fibrillation; Chinese; Hispanics; epidemiology.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Asian
  • Atrial Fibrillation / ethnology*
  • Black or African American
  • China / ethnology
  • Diabetes Mellitus / ethnology
  • Ethnicity / statistics & numerical data*
  • Female
  • Health Behavior / ethnology
  • Hispanic or Latino
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / ethnology
  • Incidence
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Obesity / ethnology
  • Prospective Studies
  • Racial Groups / statistics & numerical data*
  • Risk Factors
  • Sex Factors
  • Smoking / ethnology
  • Socioeconomic Factors
  • United States / epidemiology