Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of irinotecan and its main metabolites in human plasma and its application in a clinical pharmacokinetic study

PLoS One. 2015 Feb 17;10(2):e0118194. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118194. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Irinotecan is currently used in several cancer regimens mainly in colorectal cancer (CRC). This drug has a narrow therapeutic range and treatment can lead to side effects, mainly neutropenia and diarrhea, frequently requiring discontinuing or lowering the drug dose. A wide inter-individual variability in irinotecan pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamics has been reported and associated to patients' genetic background. In particular, a polymorphism in the UGT1A1 gene (UGT1A1*28) has been linked to an impaired detoxification of SN-38 (irinotecan active metabolite) to SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38G) leading to increased toxicities. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring of irinotecan, SN-38 and SN-38G is recommended to personalize therapy. In order to quantify simultaneously irinotecan and its main metabolites in patients' plasma, we developed and validated a new, sensitive and specific HPLC-MS/MS method applicable to all irinotecan dosages used in clinic. This method required a small plasma volume, addition of camptothecin as internal standard and simple protein precipitation. Chromatographic separation was done on a Gemini C18 column (3 μM, 100 mm x 2.0 mm) using 0.1% acetic acid/bidistilled water and 0.1% acetic acid/acetonitrile as mobile phases. The mass spectrometer worked with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode and selected reaction monitoring. The standard curves were linear (R2 ≥0.9962) over the concentration ranges (10-10000 ng/mL for irinotecan, 1-500 ng/mL for SN-38 and SN-38G and 1-5000 ng/mL for APC) and had good back-calculated accuracy and precision. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy, determined on three quality control levels for all the analytes, were always <12.3% and between 89.4% and 113.0%, respectively. Moreover, we evaluated this bioanalytical method by re-analysis of incurred samples as an additional measure of assay reproducibility. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in metastatic CRC patients enrolled in a genotype-guided phase Ib study of irinotecan administered in combination with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and bevacizumab.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Blood Chemical Analysis / methods*
  • Camptothecin / analogs & derivatives*
  • Camptothecin / blood
  • Camptothecin / metabolism
  • Camptothecin / pharmacokinetics
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods*
  • Drug Monitoring
  • Humans
  • Irinotecan
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry / methods*

Substances

  • Irinotecan
  • Camptothecin

Grants and funding

For this work the authors were supported by the funding program of Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) [project n. IG 10325]. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.