A novel immobilization strategy for electrochemical detection of cancer biomarkers: DNA-directed immobilization of aptamer sensors for sensitive detection of prostate specific antigens

Analyst. 2015 Apr 21;140(8):2628-33. doi: 10.1039/c4an02277g. Epub 2015 Mar 10.

Abstract

We report on a novel strategy for DNA aptamer immobilization to develop sensitive electrochemical detection of a protein biomarker, with prostate specific antigen (PSA) as a case biomarker. Thiolated single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) was co-immobilized with 3-mercapto-1-propanol on gold electrodes, and used as a scaffold for DNA aptamer attachment through hybridization of the aptamer overhang (so-called "DNA-directed immobilization aptamer sensors", DDIAS). In the approach, the complementary DNA aptamer against PSA was assembled by the probe ssDNA onto the electrode to detect PSA; or the probe ssDNA directly hybridized with a complementary DNA aptamer/PSA complex following their pre-incubation in solution, so-called 'on-chip' and 'in-solution' methods, respectively. A double stranded DNA intercalator with a ferrocenyl (Fc) redox marker was synthesized to evaluate the feasibility of the strategy. The results demonstrate that the 'in-solution' method offers a favourable medium (in a homogeneous solution) for the binding between the aptamer and PSA, which shows to be more efficient than the 'on-chip' approach. DDIAS shows promising analytical performance under optimized conditions, with a limit of detection in the range of fM and low non-specific adsorption.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Aptamers, Nucleotide / chemistry*
  • Aptamers, Nucleotide / metabolism
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis*
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / chemistry
  • Biosensing Techniques / methods*
  • DNA, Single-Stranded / chemistry*
  • Electrochemistry
  • Electrodes
  • Gold / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Immobilized Nucleic Acids / chemistry*
  • Limit of Detection
  • Propanols / chemistry
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen / analysis*
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen / chemistry
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen / metabolism
  • Sulfhydryl Compounds / chemistry

Substances

  • 3-mercaptopropanol
  • Aptamers, Nucleotide
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • DNA, Single-Stranded
  • Immobilized Nucleic Acids
  • Propanols
  • Sulfhydryl Compounds
  • Gold
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen