Exogenous tyrosol inhibits planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida species and enhances their susceptibility to antifungals

FEMS Yeast Res. 2015 Jun;15(4):fov012. doi: 10.1093/femsyr/fov012. Epub 2015 Mar 19.

Abstract

Tyrosol is a quorum-sensing molecule of Candida albicans able to induce hyphal development in the early and intermediate stages of biofilm growth. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of high concentrations of exogenous tyrosol on planktonic cells and biofilms of C. albicans (n = 10) and C. tropicalis (n = 10), and investigated whether tyrosol could be synergic to antifungals that target cellular ergosterol. Antifungal susceptibility and drug interaction against planktonic cells were investigated by the broth microdilution method. Tyrosol was able to inhibit planktonic cells, with MIC values ranging from 2.5 to 5.0 mM for both species. Synergism was observed between tyrosol/amphotericin B (11/20 strains), tyrosol/itraconazole (18/20 strains) and tyrosol/fluconazole (18/20 strains). Exogenous tyrosol alone or combined with antifungals at both 10 × MIC and 50 × MIC were able to reduce biofilm of both Candida species. Mature biofilms were susceptible to tyrosol alone at 50 × MIC or combined with amphotericin at both 10 × MIC and 50 × MIC. On the other hand, tyrosol plus azoles at both 10 × MIC and 50 × MIC enhanced biofilm growth.

Keywords: biofilms; candida; susceptibility; synergism; tyrosol.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amphotericin B / metabolism
  • Antifungal Agents / metabolism*
  • Biofilms / drug effects*
  • Candida / drug effects*
  • Candida / physiology*
  • Drug Synergism*
  • Fluconazole / metabolism
  • Itraconazole / metabolism
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Phenylethyl Alcohol / analogs & derivatives*
  • Phenylethyl Alcohol / metabolism

Substances

  • Antifungal Agents
  • 4-hydroxyphenylethanol
  • Itraconazole
  • Amphotericin B
  • Fluconazole
  • Phenylethyl Alcohol