Measuring attachment to life in old age: the Portuguese version of the Positive Valuation of Life Scale (Positive VOL)

Qual Life Res. 2015 Oct;24(10):2385-9. doi: 10.1007/s11136-015-0981-z. Epub 2015 Apr 5.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to present the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Positive Valuation of Life Scale (Lawton et al. in J Aging Ment Healt 13:3-31, 2001).

Method: Sample included 207 community-dwelling elders (129 women; M Age = 77.2 years, SD = 7.5). The data collection included the translated and adapted Portuguese version of Positive Valuation of Life Scale, Life Satisfaction Index Z, Meaning in Life Questionnaire and Geriatric Depression Scale.

Results: From exploratory factor analysis, two factors emerged, existential beliefs and perceived control, explaining 49 % of the total variance. Both factors were positively related with meaning in life and life satisfaction and negatively related with depression (p < 0.05). The values obtained for internal consistency for the total scale and for each subscale were good (α > 0.75).

Conclusion: The Portuguese version of Positive VOL Scale represents a reliable and valid measure to capture the subjective experience of attachment to one's life. The two-factor structure is an update to Lawton's previous work and in line with findings obtained in the USA (Dennis et al. in What is valuation of life for frail community-dwelling older adults: factor structure and criterion validity of the VOL, Thomas Jefferson University, Center for Applied Research on Aging and Health Research, 2005) and Japan (Nakagawa et al. in Shinrigaku Kenkyu 84:37-46, 2013). Future research is required to investigate VOL predictors and the potential changes toward the end of the life span.

Keywords: Old; Portugal; Quality of Life; Validation studies; Very old age.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Aging*
  • Depression / psychology
  • Female
  • Frail Elderly
  • Geriatric Assessment*
  • Humans
  • Language
  • Male
  • Pilot Projects
  • Portugal
  • Psychometrics
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Surveys and Questionnaires*
  • Translating
  • Value of Life*