VNS for refractory status epilepticus

F A Zeiler; K J Zeiler; J Teitelbaum; L M Gillman; M West

doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.02.014

VNS for refractory status epilepticus

Epilepsy Res. 2015 May:112:100-13. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.02.014. Epub 2015 Mar 9.

Authors

F A Zeiler¹, K J Zeiler², J Teitelbaum³, L M Gillman⁴, M West⁵

Affiliations

¹ Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Section of Neurocritical Care, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill, Montreal, Canada. Electronic address: umzeiler@cc.umanitoba.ca.
² Section of Neurocritical Care, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill, Montreal, Canada; Section of Neurology, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill, Montreal, Canada. Electronic address: kaitlinzeiler@gmail.com.
³ Section of Neurocritical Care, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill, Montreal, Canada; Section of Neurology, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill, Montreal, Canada. Electronic address: jteitelbaum@hotmail.com.
⁴ Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. Electronic address: ketaminereview@gmail.com.
⁵ Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. Electronic address: mwest@exchange.hsc.mb.ca.

PMID: 25847345
DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.02.014

Abstract

Background: Our goal was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the insertion of vagal nerve stimulators (VNS) for refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and its impact on the control of RSE.

Methods: All articles from MEDLINE, BIOSIS, EMBASE, Global Health, HealthStar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, clinicaltrials.gov (inception to June 2014), reference lists of relevant articles, and gray literature were searched. The strength of evidence was adjudicated using both the Oxford and GRADE methodology by two independent reviewers (FZ and MW).

Results: Overall, 17 studies were identified, with 7 manuscripts and 10 meeting abstracts. A total of 28 patients were treated. In those with generalized RSE, 76% displayed cessation of RSE with VNS insertion. In cases of focal RSE, 25% responded to VNS insertion. Few adverse effects related to VNS insertion were described.

Conclusions: We currently cannot recommend the use of VNS for RSE. Oxford level 4, GRADE D evidence exists to suggest improvement in seizure control with the use of urgent VNS in generalized RSE. No comments can be made on the utility of VNS in focal RSE. Further prospective study is warranted.

Keywords: Refractory status epilepticus; Status epilepticus; VNS; Vagal nerve stimulation.

Publication types

Review
Systematic Review

MeSH terms

Humans
Status Epilepticus / therapy*
Vagus Nerve Stimulation / methods*