Enhanced disease characterization through multi network functional normalization in fMRI

Mustafa S Çetin; Siddharth Khullar; Eswar Damaraju; Andrew M Michael; Stefi A Baum; Vince D Calhoun

doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00095

Enhanced disease characterization through multi network functional normalization in fMRI

Front Neurosci. 2015 Mar 31:9:95. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00095. eCollection 2015.

Authors

Mustafa S Çetin¹, Siddharth Khullar², Eswar Damaraju³, Andrew M Michael³, Stefi A Baum⁴, Vince D Calhoun⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Computer Science, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA ; The Mind Research Network Albuquerque, NM, USA.
² The Mind Research Network Albuquerque, NM, USA ; Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, NY, USA.
³ The Mind Research Network Albuquerque, NM, USA.
⁴ Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, NY, USA.
⁵ The Mind Research Network Albuquerque, NM, USA ; Psychiatry Department, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM, USA ; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA.

Abstract

Conventionally, structural topology is used for spatial normalization during the pre-processing of fMRI. The co-existence of multiple intrinsic networks which can be detected in the resting brain are well-studied. Also, these networks exhibit temporal and spatial modulation during cognitive task vs. rest which shows the existence of common spatial excitation patterns between these identified networks. Previous work (Khullar et al., 2011) has shown that structural and functional data may not have direct one-to-one correspondence and functional activation patterns in a well-defined structural region can vary across subjects even for a well-defined functional task. The results of this study and the existence of the neural activity patterns in multiple networks motivates us to investigate multiple resting-state networks as a single fusion template for functional normalization for multi groups of subjects. We extend the previous approach (Khullar et al., 2011) by co-registering multi group of subjects (healthy control and schizophrenia patients) and by utilizing multiple resting-state networks (instead of just one) as a single fusion template for functional normalization. In this paper we describe the initial steps toward using multiple resting-state networks as a single fusion template for functional normalization. A simple wavelet-based image fusion approach is presented in order to evaluate the feasibility of combining multiple functional networks. Our results showed improvements in both the significance of group statistics (healthy control and schizophrenia patients) and the spatial extent of activation when a multiple resting-state network applied as a single fusion template for functional normalization after the conventional structural normalization. Also, our results provided evidence that the improvement in significance of group statistics lead to better accuracy results for classification of healthy controls and schizophrenia patients.

Keywords: ICA; fMRI; resting state networks; spatial normalization; wavelet.