Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Photomicrobicidal Cellulose Paper

Biomacromolecules. 2015 Aug 10;16(8):2482-92. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00758. Epub 2015 Jul 30.

Abstract

Toward our goal of scalable, antimicrobial materials based on photodynamic inactivation, paper sheets comprised of photosensitizer-conjugated cellulose fibers were prepared using porphyrin and BODIPY photosensitizers, and characterized by spectroscopic (infrared, UV-vis diffuse reflectance, inductively coupled plasma optical emission) and physical (gel permeation chromatography, elemental, and thermal gravimetric analyses) methods. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-2913), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (ATCC-2320), Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC-19606), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC-9027), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC-2146). Our best results were achieved with a cationic porphyrin-paper conjugate, Por((+))-paper, with inactivation upon illumination (30 min, 65 ± 5 mW/cm(2), 400-700 nm) of all bacterial strains studied by 99.99+% (4 log units), regardless of taxonomic classification. Por((+))-paper also inactivated dengue-1 virus (>99.995%), influenza A (∼ 99.5%), and human adenovirus-5 (∼ 99%). These results demonstrate the potential of cellulose materials to serve as scalable scaffolds for anti-infective or self-sterilizing materials against both bacteria and viruses when employing a photodynamic inactivation mode of action.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Infective Agents / administration & dosage
  • Anti-Infective Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Anti-Infective Agents / chemistry*
  • Cellulose / administration & dosage
  • Cellulose / chemical synthesis
  • Cellulose / chemistry*
  • Enterococcus faecium / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae / drug effects
  • Light
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests*
  • Paper
  • Photosensitizing Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Photosensitizing Agents / chemistry*
  • Porphyrins / administration & dosage
  • Porphyrins / chemical synthesis
  • Porphyrins / chemistry
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa / drug effects
  • Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects

Substances

  • Anti-Infective Agents
  • Photosensitizing Agents
  • Porphyrins
  • Cellulose