Outcomes for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Nonagenarians

Abstract

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) may offer extreme-aged patients a treatment alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). The objective of this study was to describe outcomes of TAVR in nonagenarians using transfemoral and alternative access techniques.

Methods: In a retrospective review, we found 95 nonagenarians who underwent TAVR from September 2007 through February 2014 at Emory University using a balloon expandable valve: transfemoral (n = 66), transapical (n = 14), transaortic (n = 14), and transcarotid (n = 1). Morbidity and 30-day and midterm mortality were assessed. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to determine midterm survival rates.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 91.8 ± 1.8 years, and 49 (52%) were female. Postoperative morbidity included 1 patient (1%) each with stroke, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and renal failure. The mean postoperative length of stay was 6.8 ± 5.1 days for all patients. Overall 30-day mortality was 3.2%, much less than The Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality of 14.5% ± 7.3%. There were no deaths in the transfemoral patients, but there were 2 transapical deaths (14.3%) and 1 transaortic death (7.1%). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of median survival was 2.6 years.

Conclusions: Extreme-aged nonagenarian patients may have excellent outcomes from TAVR at 30-day and midterm follow-up. Alternative access TAVR is associated with higher morbidity and mortality than transfemoral TAVR. Referral for TAVR of nonagenarians should not be precluded based on age alone.