Inferior Q waves in apparently healthy subjects: Should we take a deep breath? An electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance study

J Electrocardiol. 2016 Jan-Feb;49(1):46-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2015.08.026. Epub 2015 Aug 15.

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of electrocardiographic inferior Q waves persistence during inspiration and echocardiographic segmental wall motion abnormalities for the detection of previously unsuspected silent myocardial infarction, by using cardiac magnetic resonance as the gold standard.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled 50 apparently healthy subjects with inferior Q waves on routine electrocardiogram and high atherosclerotic risk profile. Patients underwent electrocardiogram during deep inspiration, standard transthoracic echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance.

Results: Inferior Q waves during deep inspiration persisted in 10 subjects (20%) and cardiac magnetic resonance was positive in 10 (20%). Between the 10 positive cardiac magnetic resonance subjects 8 showed persistence of inferior Q waves, giving a sensitivity of 80% (95%;CI 44.4-97.5%) and a specificity of 95% (95%;CI 83.1-99.4%). Segmental wall motion abnormalities were present overall in 10 subjects (20%), but only in 5 of the 10 positive cardiac magnetic resonance subjects, giving a sensitivity of 87.5% (95% CI 73.2-95.8) and specificity of 50% (95% CI 18.7-81.3).

Conclusions: Electrocardiographic inferior Q waves persistence during deep inspiration is a simple test with a high accuracy for diagnosis of silent myocardial infarction. Standard echocardiography resulted less accurate.

Keywords: Cardiac magnetic resonance; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Inferior Q waves; Silent myocardial infarction.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Evaluation Study
  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Asymptomatic Diseases*
  • Breath Holding*
  • Echocardiography*
  • Electrocardiography*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine*
  • Male
  • Myocardial Infarction / diagnosis*
  • Reference Values
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sensitivity and Specificity