Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation (ALPPS) is introduced as a modified two-staged hepatectomy for advanced liver malignancies, which requires extended hepatectomy with very small future remnant liver volume. It is characterized by rapid and large growth of future remnant liver and potential of widening the indication of curative resection with extended major hepatectomy for liver malignancies. It showed, however, much higher morbidity and mortality than extended hepatectomy after portal vein embolization. Here, we review the literatures and examine the role of ALPPS in Japan, where zero mortality after hepatectomy is highly expected.