New-onset left bundle branch block-associated idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular ejection fraction response to guideline-directed therapies: The NEOLITH study

Heart Rhythm. 2016 Apr;13(4):933-42. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.12.020. Epub 2015 Dec 11.

Abstract

Background: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) response to guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and to early cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in new-onset idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) and left bundle branch block (LBBB) is not well described. CRT is recommended if LVEF remains ≤35% after at least 3 months of GDMT.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe LVEF response to GDMT at 3 months and to early CRT in new-onset LBBB-associated idiopathic NICM.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in subjects with new-onset idiopathic NICM, LVEF ≤35%, and LBBB or narrow (<120 ms) QRS complex morphology. LVEF response between groups was evaluated with log-binomial and linear regression. LVEF response within groups was evaluated using the paired Student t test.

Results: In 102 subjects (70 with narrow QRS complex and 32 with LBBB), post-GDMT LVEF was >35% in 39 narrow QRS complex subjects (56%) and 2 LBBB subjects (6%) (P < .0001). The absolute difference between post-GDMT LVEF and initial LVEF was greater in the narrow QRS complex group (16.1% ± 14.6% vs. 3.3% ± 10.7%; P < .0001). Narrow QRS complex, referenced to LBBB, was significantly associated with post-GDMT LVEF >35% (relative risk 10.30; 95% confidence interval 2.63-40.27; P = .0008) and absolute difference between post-GDMT LVEF and initial LVEF (β = 16.296; standard error = 2.977; P < .0001) in final multivariable analyses. CRT super-response, defined as post-CRT LVEF ≥50%, was observed in 8 of LBBB subjects (35%) who received CRT.

Conclusion: GDMT did not significantly improve LVEF in new-onset LBBB-associated idiopathic NICM at 3 months. Most remained candidates for CRT, and a high percentage were super-responders. Optimal timing for CRT implantation requires further investigation.

Keywords: Cardiac resynchronization therapy; Left bundle branch block; Medications; Nonischemic cardiomyopathy.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Bundle-Branch Block / etiology
  • Bundle-Branch Block / physiopathology
  • Bundle-Branch Block / therapy*
  • Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy / standards*
  • Cardiomyopathies / complications*
  • Cardiomyopathies / physiopathology
  • Cardiomyopathies / therapy
  • Echocardiography
  • Electrocardiography*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Guideline Adherence*
  • Heart Conduction System / physiopathology
  • Heart Ventricles / diagnostic imaging
  • Heart Ventricles / physiopathology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Stroke Volume / physiology*
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome