Infective Endocarditis in Children in Italy from 2000 to 2015

Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2016;14(3):353-8. doi: 10.1586/14787210.2016.1136787. Epub 2016 Feb 3.

Abstract

Objective: The Italian Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases created a registry on children with infective endocarditis (IE) hospitalized in Italy.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on patients hospitalized due to IE in Italian paediatric wards between January 1, 2000, and June 30, 2015.

Results: Over the 15-year study period, 47 IE episodes were observed (19 males; age range, 2-17 years). Viridans Streptococci were the most common pathogens among patients with predisposing cardiac conditions and Staphylococcus aureus among those without (37.9% vs. 5.5%, p = 0.018, and 6.9% vs. 27.8%, p = 0.089, respectively). Six of the 7 (85.7%) S. aureus strains were methicillin-resistant. The majority of patients with and without predisposing cardiac conditions recovered without any complications.

Conclusion: In Italy, paediatric IE develops without any previous predisposing factors in a number of children, methicillin-resistant S. aureus has emerged as a common causative agent and the therapeutic approach is extremely variable.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; anti-infective therapy; antibiotics; congenital heart disease; infective endocarditis; viridans Streptococci.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial
  • Endocarditis / complications
  • Endocarditis / drug therapy
  • Endocarditis / epidemiology*
  • Endocarditis / microbiology*
  • Female
  • Heart Diseases / complications
  • Humans
  • Italy / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / isolation & purification
  • Registries
  • Risk Factors
  • Staphylococcal Infections / complications
  • Staphylococcal Infections / drug therapy
  • Staphylococcal Infections / epidemiology
  • Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology
  • Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects
  • Staphylococcus aureus / isolation & purification
  • Streptococcal Infections / complications
  • Streptococcal Infections / drug therapy
  • Streptococcal Infections / epidemiology
  • Streptococcal Infections / microbiology
  • Viridans Streptococci / drug effects
  • Viridans Streptococci / isolation & purification