Quality of Life of Pediatric Patients With Long QT Syndrome

Abstract

Children with long QT syndrome (LQTS) live with the risk of sudden death, activity restrictions, and the need for daily medications. We sought to evaluate the quality of life (QOL), self-perception, and behavior of patients with LQTS as perceived by both patients and their parents and identify predictors of lower QOL. QOL (Pediatric QOL Inventory [PedsQL] and Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory [PCQLI]), self-perception, and behavioral inventories were completed by patients with LQTS and their parents. Comparison of PedsQL scores was made to published data for healthy children using t tests, and PCQLI scores were compared with those of patients with differing complexity of congenital heart disease. Mixed modeling was used for multivariable analysis. Sixty-one patients with LQTS were evaluated (age 13.6 ± 3.0 years; male 49%). Compared with healthy children, the PedsQL Total, Psychosocial, and Physical Health Summary scores were significantly lower for patients with LQTS and parent proxy reports (p ≤0.001). In general, PCQLI scores of patients with LQTS and parents were similar to those of patients with tetralogy of Fallot (p ≥0.2), lower than those of patients with bicuspid aortic valve (p ≤0.02), and higher than those of patients with single ventricle (p ≤0.03). Lower patient and parent PCQLI scores were associated with internalizing problems. For parents, the presence of a cardiac device and medication side effects were additionally associated with lower PCQLI scores. In conclusion, patients with LQTS and their parents report lower QOL than normal children secondary to physical and psychosocial factors. Increasing focus on the psychological well-being of these patients is needed in an effort to improve their QOL.