Salivary pathogen and serum antibody to assess the progression of chronic periodontitis: a 24-mo prospective multicenter cohort study

T Morozumi; T Nakagawa; Y Nomura; T Sugaya; M Kawanami; F Suzuki; K Takahashi; Y Abe; S Sato; A Makino-Oi; A Saito; S Takano; M Minabe; Y Nakayama; Y Ogata; H Kobayashi; Y Izumi; N Sugano; K Ito; S Sekino; Y Numabe; C Fukaya; N Yoshinari; M Fukuda; T Noguchi; T Kono; M Umeda; O Fujise; F Nishimura; A Yoshimura; Y Hara; T Nakamura; K Noguchi; E Kakuta; N Hanada; S Takashiba; H Yoshie

doi:10.1111/jre.12353

Salivary pathogen and serum antibody to assess the progression of chronic periodontitis: a 24-mo prospective multicenter cohort study

J Periodontal Res. 2016 Dec;51(6):768-778. doi: 10.1111/jre.12353. Epub 2016 Jan 20.

Authors

T Morozumi¹, T Nakagawa², Y Nomura³, T Sugaya⁴, M Kawanami⁴, F Suzuki⁵, K Takahashi⁶, Y Abe⁷, S Sato⁸, A Makino-Oi⁹, A Saito⁹, S Takano¹⁰, M Minabe¹⁰, Y Nakayama¹¹, Y Ogata¹¹, H Kobayashi¹², Y Izumi¹², N Sugano¹³, K Ito¹³, S Sekino¹⁴, Y Numabe¹⁴, C Fukaya², N Yoshinari¹⁵, M Fukuda¹⁶, T Noguchi¹⁶, T Kono¹⁷, M Umeda¹⁷, O Fujise¹⁸, F Nishimura¹⁸, A Yoshimura¹⁹, Y Hara¹⁹, T Nakamura²⁰, K Noguchi²⁰, E Kakuta³, N Hanada³, S Takashiba²¹, H Yoshie¹

Affiliations

¹ Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
² Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
³ Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
⁴ Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
⁵ Division of Dental Anesthesiology, Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Ohu University, Koriyama, Japan.
⁶ Division of Periodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ohu University, Koriyama, Japan.
⁷ Comprehensive Dental Care, The Nippon Dental University Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan.
⁸ Department of Periodontology, School of life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan.
⁹ Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁰ Bunkyo-Dori Dental Clinic, Chiba, Japan.
¹¹ Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.
¹² Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
¹³ Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁴ Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁵ Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan.
¹⁶ Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
¹⁷ Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan.
¹⁸ Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
¹⁹ Department of Periodontology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
²⁰ Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
²¹ Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.

PMID: 26791469
DOI: 10.1111/jre.12353

Abstract

Background and objective: A diagnosis of periodontitis progression is presently limited to clinical parameters such as attachment loss and radiographic imaging. The aim of this multicenter study was to monitor disease progression in patients with chronic periodontitis during a 24-mo follow-up program and to evaluate the amount of bacteria in saliva and corresponding IgG titers in serum for determining the diagnostic usefulness of each in indicating disease progression and stability.

Material and methods: A total of 163 patients with chronic periodontitis who received trimonthly follow-up care were observed for 24 mo. The clinical parameters and salivary content of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were assessed using the modified Invader PLUS assay, and the corresponding serum IgG titers were measured using ELISA. The changes through 24 mo were analyzed using cut-off values calculated for each factor. One-way ANOVA or Fisher's exact test was used to perform between-group comparison for the data collected. Diagnostic values were calculated using Fisher's exact test.

Results: Of the 124 individuals who completed the 24-mo monitoring phase, 62 exhibited periodontitis progression, whereas 62 demonstrated stable disease. Seven patients withdrew because of acute periodontal abscess. The ratio of P. gingivalis to total bacteria and the combination of P. gingivalis counts and IgG titers against P. gingivalis were significantly related to the progression of periodontitis. The combination of P. gingivalis ratio and P. gingivalis IgG titers was significantly associated with the progression of periodontitis (p = 0.001, sensitivity = 0.339, specificity = 0.790).

Conclusions: It is suggested that the combination of P. gingivalis ratio in saliva and serum IgG titers against P. gingivalis may be associated with the progression of periodontitis.

Keywords: Porphyromonas gingivalis; periodontal stability; periodontitis progression; saliva.

Publication types

Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Antibodies, Bacterial / blood*
Bacterial Load
Bacteroidaceae Infections / microbiology
Bacteroidaceae Infections / pathology
Chronic Periodontitis / blood
Chronic Periodontitis / metabolism
Chronic Periodontitis / pathology*
Disease Progression
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Female
Humans
Immunoglobulin G / blood*
Male
Middle Aged
Pasteurellaceae Infections / microbiology
Pasteurellaceae Infections / pathology
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Prevotella intermedia
Prospective Studies
Saliva / microbiology*

Substances

Antibodies, Bacterial
Immunoglobulin G