Gender identity disorders and multiple sclerosis risk: A national record-linkage study

Mult Scler. 2016 Nov;22(13):1759-1762. doi: 10.1177/1352458515627205. Epub 2016 Feb 8.

Abstract

Background: An altered balance of gonadal hormones in males with gender identity disorders (GIDs) may increase multiple sclerosis (MS) risk both inherently and secondary to treatment in undergoing male-to-female conversion.

Objective: We investigated any association between GIDs and MS through analysis of record-linked hospital statistics.

Method: Analysis of English Hospital Episode Statistics, 1999-2012.

Results: The adjusted rate ratio (RR) of MS following GIDs in males was 6.63 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.81-17.01, p = 0.0002). The RR of MS following GIDs in females was 1.44 (95% CI = 0.47-3.37, p = 0.58).

Conclusion: We report a strong association between GIDs and MS in male-to-females, supporting a potential role for low testosterone and/or feminising hormones on MS risk in males.

Keywords: Multiple sclerosis; epidemiology; risk factor; sex hormones; testosterone; transgender.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Cohort Studies
  • Comorbidity
  • Female
  • Gender Dysphoria / epidemiology*
  • Gender Dysphoria / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Multiple Sclerosis / epidemiology*
  • Multiple Sclerosis / metabolism
  • Sex Reassignment Procedures / adverse effects*
  • Young Adult