Background: Shunt placement for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion is one of the most commonly performed procedures in neurosurgery. Pleasure or sports diving is a popular sport enjoyed by millions. At present, no guidelines exist to affirm the safety of diving in the presence of a CSF shunt.
Methods: Literature search and review of medical fitness regulations used by diving organisations.
Results: Although the available evidence is anecdotal, no reports of shunt-related complications exist and in vitro studies show lasting functionality.
Conclusions: Patients with CSF shunts should undergo careful evaluation including assessment of their cognitive and physical needs as well as co-morbidities. Having a CSF shunt in situ is not in itself a contraindication to SCUBA diving.
Keywords: Diving; Hydrocephalus; Safety; Shunt; Sports.