Long-term outcome of the cheek advancement flap, a report of 41 cases

J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2016 Dec;50(6):354-358. doi: 10.1080/2000656X.2016.1178651. Epub 2016 May 31.

Abstract

Background: Due to incidental occurrence of ectropion as a late complication of cheek advancement flaps, this study investigated the long-term effects of these flaps for post-Mohs' reconstruction of the cheek aesthetic.

Methods: All the patients who underwent a cheek advancement flap in the Catharina Hospital Eindhoven between January 2006 and January 2013 where included and assessed by means of a retrospective chart review and a survey about the long-term outcome and patient satisfaction.

Results: A retrospective chart review was performed on all 54 eligible patients, and 41 (76%) of these patients participated in the study. The mean follow-up was 3.5 years (SD = 2.0, range = 1-7 years). Early complications were ectropion (6%), infection (2%), dog-ears (1%), haematoma (4%), and distal tip necrosis (2%). Late outcome and complications were sensory neuropathies (41%), late ectropion (7%), hypopigmentation of scars (29%), contractures (27%), and abnormal hair distribution (17%). Patients rated their reconstruction as good or excellent in 87% of cases.

Conclusions: The cheek advancement flap is a suitable technique for reconstruction of large cheek skin defects after excision of skin malignancies. However, patients should be informed that long-term complications, including ectropion, can occur. Additional follow-up might lead to an early detection of these late effects.

Keywords: Mohs; cheek; cheek advancement; ectropion; neuropathies; outcome; reconstruction.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Cheek / surgery*
  • Contracture / etiology
  • Ectropion / etiology
  • Esthetics
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Hypopigmentation / etiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mohs Surgery
  • Patient Satisfaction
  • Plastic Surgery Procedures / adverse effects
  • Plastic Surgery Procedures / methods*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sensation Disorders / etiology
  • Skin Neoplasms / surgery
  • Surgical Flaps*