Iatrogenic intracranial hypotension and cerebral venous thrombosis

J Neurol Sci. 2016 Jul 15:366:191-194. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.05.009. Epub 2016 May 7.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the manifestations of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) associated with intracranial hypotension (IH) following lumbar puncture (LP) or spinal anesthesia (SA).

Methods: Adult patients with acute CVT unrelated to infection, neurosurgery, or otolaryngological surgery were identified. CVT manifesting within 21days after LP/SA was considered associated with iatrogenic IH. Presentation of patients with and without associate IH was compared.

Results: 42 patients were included. 11/42 who had undergone LP/SA presented symptoms and imaging characteristics of IH; 31 had no evidence of IH. Those with IH were more often females (11/11 vs. 21/31, p=0.03), presented sooner after symptom onset (6.0±2.2 vs. 15.6±14days, p=0.002), and rates of venous infarction (45% vs. 23%) and seizures (27% vs. 10%) appeared somewhat elevated (p<0.15). Patients with CVT associated with IH had significantly more cortical vein thrombi (55% vs. 16%, p=0.02). Thrombi were significantly shorter in patients with IH (102±113mm vs. 246±133mm, p=0.002).

Conclusion: Patients with CVT secondary to IH were typically younger females, and presented with a more acute and severe course with frequent venous infarcts. Although thrombi in the IH group were less extensive, they were more often symptomatic.

Keywords: Cerebral venous thrombosis; Dural puncture; Iatrogenic; Intracranial hypotension; Spinal anesthesia; Stroke.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Anesthesia, Spinal / adverse effects*
  • Brain / diagnostic imaging
  • Cerebral Veins* / diagnostic imaging
  • Disease Progression
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Iatrogenic Disease
  • Intracranial Hypotension / diagnostic imaging
  • Intracranial Hypotension / epidemiology
  • Intracranial Hypotension / etiology*
  • Intracranial Hypotension / therapy
  • Intracranial Thrombosis / diagnostic imaging
  • Intracranial Thrombosis / epidemiology
  • Intracranial Thrombosis / etiology*
  • Intracranial Thrombosis / therapy
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Postpartum Period
  • Prospective Studies
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Sex Factors
  • Spinal Puncture / adverse effects*
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Venous Thrombosis / diagnostic imaging
  • Venous Thrombosis / epidemiology
  • Venous Thrombosis / etiology*
  • Venous Thrombosis / therapy