Automatic management of atrial and ventricular stimulation in a contemporary unselected population of pacemaker recipients: the ESSENTIAL Registry

Europace. 2016 Oct;18(10):1551-1560. doi: 10.1093/europace/euw021. Epub 2016 Jun 14.

Abstract

Aims: We investigated the applicability of the Ventricular Capture Control (VCC) and Atrial Capture Control (ACC) algorithms for automatic management of cardiac stimulation featured by Biotronik pacemakers in a broad, unselected population of pacemaker recipients.

Methods and results: Ventricular Capture Control and Atrial Capture Control were programmed to work at a maximum adapted output voltage as 4.8 V in consecutive recipients of Biotronik pacemakers. Ambulatory threshold measurements were made 1 and 12 months after pacemaker implant/replacement in all possible pacing/sensing configurations, and were compared with manual measurements. Among 542 patients aged 80 (73-85) years, 382 had a pacemaker implant and 160 a pacemaker replacement. Ventricular Capture Control could work at long term in 97% of patients irrespectively of pacing indication, lead type, and lead service life, performance being superior with discordant pacing/sensing configurations. Atrial Capture Control could work in 93% of patients at 4.8 V maximum adapted voltage and at any pulse width, regardless of pacing indication, lead type, and service life. At 12-month follow-up, a ventricular threshold increase ≥1.5 V had occurred in 4.4% of patients uneventfully owing to VCC functioning. Projected pacemaker longevity at 1 month was strongly correlated with the 12-month estimate, and exceeded 13 years in >60% of patients.

Conclusion: These algorithms for automatic management of pacing output ensure patient safety in the event of a huge increase of pacing threshold, while enabling maximization of battery longevity. Their applicability is quite broad in an unselected pacemaker population irrespectively of lead choice and service of life.

Keywords: Automatic verification of capture; High pacing threshold; Pacemaker longevity; Safety.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Algorithms*
  • Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / methods*
  • Device Removal
  • Electric Power Supplies
  • Equipment Safety
  • Female
  • Heart Atria / physiopathology
  • Heart Ventricles / physiopathology
  • Humans
  • Italy
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Pacemaker, Artificial*
  • Registries
  • Time Factors
  • Ventricular Function