Sedation and Monitoring in the Pediatric Patient during Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Hyun Kee Chung; Jenifer R Lightdale

doi:10.1016/j.giec.2016.02.004

Sedation and Monitoring in the Pediatric Patient during Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2016 Jul;26(3):507-25. doi: 10.1016/j.giec.2016.02.004.

Authors

Hyun Kee Chung¹, Jenifer R Lightdale²

Affiliations

¹ Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, UMass Memorial Medical Center, 55 Lake Street North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
² Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UMass Memorial Children's Medical Center, University Campus, 55 Lake Street North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. Electronic address: jenifer.lightdale@umassmemorial.org.

PMID: 27372774
DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2016.02.004

Abstract

Sedation is a fundamental component of pediatric gastrointestinal procedures. The 2 main types of sedation for pediatric endoscopy remain general anesthesia and procedural sedation. Although anesthesiologist-administered sedation protocols are more common, there is no ideal regimen for endoscopy in children. This article discusses specific levels of sedation for endoscopy as well as various regimens that can be used to achieve each. Risks and considerations that may be specific to performing gastrointestinal procedures in children are reviewed. Finally, potential future directions for sedation and monitoring that may change the practice of pediatric gastroenterology and ultimately patient outcomes are examined.

Keywords: Endoscopy; Gastrointestinal; Gastrointestinal procedures; General anesthesia; Pediatrics; Procedural sedation; Sedation; Sedatives.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Anesthesia, General
Anesthesiologists
Child
Conscious Sedation / methods*
Cooperative Behavior
Deep Sedation / methods*
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / methods*
Gastroenterologists
Humans
Monitoring, Intraoperative / methods*
Pediatrics*
Respiration, Artificial
Risk Assessment