Post-stroke disability and its predictors among Nigerian stroke survivors

Abstract

Background: Despite stroke is a major cause of disability, the predictors of the disability among stroke survivors has not been sufficiently delineated.

Objective: To assess post-stroke disability and determine its predictors among Nigerian stroke survivors.

Methods: This study involved 121 consecutive stroke survivors with at least 3 months of stroke from two tertiary health institutions in South-Western Nigeria. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule was used to assess their disability. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were obtained through interview and from their hospital records respectively. Poisson regression was used to examine the predictors.

Results: Moderate disability level (44.1 ± 20.5) was observed among the participants. Prevalence of post-stroke disability was high in nine items with scores ranged between 62.0% and 90.1%. There was moderate prevalence of post-stroke disability in 3 items (44.6%-52.1%). When adjusted for sex, prevalence of post-stroke disability followed the same pattern. Being a male and having the affectation of dominant right limbs had 1.08 and 1.46 more likelihood of having disability while being gainfully employed after stroke had 0.81 less likelihood of having disability. Every additional unit of diastolic blood pressure and stroke duration were associated with estimated 0.4% and 0.2% less disability while every one year increased in age was associated with 0.5% increase in disability.

Conclusion: Disability in stroke survivors is determined by having right dominant limb affected, increase in blood pressure, longer stroke duration, increase in age and being a male. However, disability in stroke survivors decreases with the stroke survivors engaging in productive lifestyle.

Keywords: Nigeria; Post-stroke disability; Predicting factors; Prevalence; Stroke survivors.