Nuclear myosin I regulates cell membrane tension

Sci Rep. 2016 Aug 2:6:30864. doi: 10.1038/srep30864.

Abstract

Plasma membrane tension is an important feature that determines the cell shape and influences processes such as cell motility, spreading, endocytosis and exocytosis. Unconventional class 1 myosins are potent regulators of plasma membrane tension because they physically link the plasma membrane with adjacent cytoskeleton. We identified nuclear myosin 1 (NM1) - a putative nuclear isoform of myosin 1c (Myo1c) - as a new player in the field. Although having specific nuclear functions, NM1 localizes predominantly to the plasma membrane. Deletion of NM1 causes more than a 50% increase in the elasticity of the plasma membrane around the actin cytoskeleton as measured by atomic force microscopy. This higher elasticity of NM1 knock-out cells leads to 25% higher resistance to short-term hypotonic environment and rapid cell swelling. In contrast, overexpression of NM1 in wild type cells leads to an additional 30% reduction of their survival. We have shown that NM1 has a direct functional role in the cytoplasm as a dynamic linker between the cell membrane and the underlying cytoskeleton, regulating the degree of effective plasma membrane tension.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Actin Cytoskeleton / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism*
  • Cell Movement
  • Cell Nucleus / metabolism*
  • Cell Shape
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Exocytosis / physiology
  • Fibroblasts / cytology
  • Fibroblasts / metabolism*
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Myosin Type I / metabolism*
  • Skin / cytology
  • Skin / metabolism*

Substances

  • Myosin Type I