Objective: This study aims to observe the expression of Sclerostin during movement of orthodontic teeth and determine the effect of this protein on remodeling of periodontal tissues.
Methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats were chosen. Orthodontic forces were applied between the bilateral incisor and first molar to achieve mesial movement. Rats in each group were executed at different time points (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 d). Morphology of periodontal tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The number of osteoclasts were observed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Sclerostin expression were observed by immunohistochemical staining.
Results: HE staining revealed that the resorption of alveolar bone intensified with prolonged movement. Results of immunohistochemical and TRAP staining revealed that Sclerostin expression and number of osteoclasts were related to duration of movement of orthodontic tooth. After staining for 5 days, the number of osteoclasts and Sclerostin expression reached their peak and then began to decline. The numbers of osteoclasts and the expression level of Sclerostin were higher at the compressive side than those at the tensive side.
Conclusion: Sclerostin affected orthodontic tooth movement by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway and by indirectly or directly controlling bone morphogenetic protein.
目的: 观察正畸牙移动过程中大鼠牙周组织中骨硬化蛋白（Sclerostin）的表达及分布，研究Sclerostin在正畸牙移动骨改建中的作用。
方法: 选取24只Wistar大鼠，安装加力装置，加载50 g力近中移动左侧第一磨牙，分别于安装加力装置后的0、1、3、5、7、14 d处死大鼠，用苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察第一磨牙牙周组织形态学变化，抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）染色观察破骨细胞的数量变化，免疫组织化学染色方法探究第一磨牙牙周膜中Sclerostin的表达变化。
结果: HE染色显示随加力时间的延长压力侧骨组织破坏逐渐加重，免疫组织化学染色显示Sclerostin的表达逐渐增加，5 d时达到高峰，之后又逐渐降低，压力侧表达多于张力侧。
结论: Sclerostin可能通过Wnt信号通路或者直接或间接控制骨形态发生蛋白参与了正畸牙移动骨改建过程。