Observation of spatial charge and spin correlations in the 2D Fermi-Hubbard model

Lawrence W Cheuk; Matthew A Nichols; Katherine R Lawrence; Melih Okan; Hao Zhang; Ehsan Khatami; Nandini Trivedi; Thereza Paiva; Marcos Rigol; Martin W Zwierlein

doi:10.1126/science.aag3349

Observation of spatial charge and spin correlations in the 2D Fermi-Hubbard model

Science. 2016 Sep 16;353(6305):1260-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aag3349.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
² Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA.
³ Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
⁴ Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68.528, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
⁵ Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
⁶ Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. zwierlein@mit.edu.

PMID: 27634529
DOI: 10.1126/science.aag3349

Abstract

Strong electron correlations lie at the origin of high-temperature superconductivity. Its essence is believed to be captured by the Fermi-Hubbard model of repulsively interacting fermions on a lattice. Here we report on the site-resolved observation of charge and spin correlations in the two-dimensional (2D) Fermi-Hubbard model realized with ultracold atoms. Antiferromagnetic spin correlations are maximal at half-filling and weaken monotonically upon doping. At large doping, nearest-neighbor correlations between singly charged sites are negative, revealing the formation of a correlation hole, the suppressed probability of finding two fermions near each other. As the doping is reduced, the correlations become positive, signaling strong bunching of doublons and holes, in agreement with numerical calculations. The dynamics of the doublon-hole correlations should play an important role for transport in the Fermi-Hubbard model.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.