mTOR independent regulation of macroautophagy by Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 via Beclin-1

Sci Rep. 2016 Oct 12:6:35106. doi: 10.1038/srep35106.

Abstract

Leucine rich repeat kinase 2 is a complex enzyme with both kinase and GTPase activities, closely linked to the pathogenesis of several human disorders including Parkinson's disease, Crohn's disease, leprosy and cancer. LRRK2 has been implicated in numerous cellular processes; however its physiological function remains unclear. Recent reports suggest that LRRK2 can act to regulate the cellular catabolic process of macroautophagy, although the precise mechanism whereby this occurs has not been identified. To investigate the signalling events through which LRRK2 acts to influence macroautophagy, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) and Beclin-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways were evaluated in astrocytic cell models in the presence and absence of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors. Chemical inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity resulted in the stimulation of macroautophagy in a non-canonical fashion, independent of mTOR and ULK1, but dependent upon the activation of Beclin 1-containing class III PI3-kinase.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Astrocytes / cytology
  • Astrocytes / drug effects
  • Astrocytes / metabolism
  • Autophagy / drug effects
  • Autophagy / physiology*
  • Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog / metabolism
  • Beclin-1 / metabolism*
  • Cell Line
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Humans
  • Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2 / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2 / genetics
  • Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2 / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Microtubule-Associated Proteins / metabolism
  • Mutation
  • Parkinson Disease / etiology
  • Parkinson Disease / metabolism
  • Parkinson Disease / pathology
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism*

Substances

  • Beclin-1
  • MAP1LC3A protein, human
  • Microtubule-Associated Proteins
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog
  • Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases