Dual PI3K/ERK inhibition induces necroptotic cell death of Hodgkin Lymphoma cells through IER3 downregulation

Sci Rep. 2016 Oct 21:6:35745. doi: 10.1038/srep35745.

Abstract

PI3K/AKT and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways are constitutively activated in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients, thus representing attractive therapeutic targets. Here we report that the PI3K/ERK dual inhibitor AEZS-136 induced significant cell proliferation inhibition in L-540, SUP-HD1, KM-H2 and L-428 HL cell lines, but a significant increase in necroptotic cell death was observed only in two out of four cell lines (L-540 and SUP-HD1). In these cells, AEZS-136-induced necroptosis was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. JNK was activated by AEZS-136, and AEZS-136-induced necroptosis was blocked by the necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 or the JNK inhibitor SP600125, suggesting that JNK activation is required to trigger necroptosis following dual PI3K/ERK inhibition. Gene expression analysis indicated that the effects of AEZS-136 were associated with the modulation of cell cycle and cell death pathways. In the cell death-resistant cell lines, AEZS-136 induced the expression of immediate early response 3 (IER3) both in vitro and in vivo. Silencing of IER3 restored sensitivity to AEZS-136-induced necroptosis. Furthermore, xenograft studies demonstrated a 70% inhibition of tumor growth and a 10-fold increase in tumor necrosis in AEZS-136-treated animals. Together, these data suggest that dual PI3K/ERK inhibition might be an effective approach for improving therapeutic outcomes in HL.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / genetics
  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / metabolism*
  • Cell Death / drug effects
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Down-Regulation / drug effects
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Gene Expression / drug effects
  • Hodgkin Disease / drug therapy*
  • Hodgkin Disease / metabolism*
  • Hodgkin Disease / pathology
  • Humans
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System / drug effects
  • Membrane Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Membrane Proteins / genetics
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred NOD
  • Mice, SCID
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Necrosis
  • Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors*
  • Pyrazines / pharmacology
  • RNA, Small Interfering / genetics
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Substances

  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • IER3 protein, human
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
  • Pyrazines
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases