Heterodimerisation between VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 and not the homodimers of VEGFR-1 inhibit VEGFR-2 activity

Abstract

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is tightly regulated by specific VEGF receptors (VEGF-R). Recently, we identified heterodimerisation between VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 (VEGFR_1-2) to regulate VEGFR-2 function. However, both the mechanism of action and the relationship with VEGFR-1 homodimers remain unknown. The current study shows that activation of VEGFR_1-2, but not VEGFR-1 homodimers, inhibits VEGFR-2 receptor phosphorylation under VEGF stimulation in human endothelial cells. Furthermore, inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) increases VEGFR-2 phosphorylation under VEGF stimulation. More importantly, inhibition of PI3K pathway abolishes the VEGFR_1-2 mediated inhibition of VEGFR-2 phosphorylation. We further demonstrate that inhibition of PI3K pathway promotes capillary tube formation. Finally, the inhibition of PI3K abrogates the inhibition of in vitro angiogenesis mediated by VEGFR_1-2 heterodimers. These findings demonstrate that VEGFR_1-2 heterodimers and not VEGFR-1 homodimers inhibit VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling by suppressing VEGFR-2 phosphorylation via PI3K pathway.

Keywords: Angiogenesis; Heterodimers; Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K); VEGF receptors; Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).