Diet-Microbiome Interactions in Health Are Controlled by Intestinal Nitrogen Source Constraints

Andrew J Holmes; Yi Vee Chew; Feyza Colakoglu; John B Cliff; Eline Klaassens; Mark N Read; Samantha M Solon-Biet; Aisling C McMahon; Victoria C Cogger; Kari Ruohonen; David Raubenheimer; David G Le Couteur; Stephen J Simpson

doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.10.021

Diet-Microbiome Interactions in Health Are Controlled by Intestinal Nitrogen Source Constraints

Cell Metab. 2017 Jan 10;25(1):140-151. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.10.021. Epub 2016 Nov 23.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: andrew.holmes@sydney.edu.au.
² School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
³ The Centre for Microscopy, Characterization, and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
⁴ Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
⁵ Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Education and Research on Aging, and Aging and Alzheimers Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia.
⁶ Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Education and Research on Aging, and Aging and Alzheimers Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia.
⁷ EWOS Innovation, Dirdal 4335, Norway.
⁸ Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: stephen.simpson@sydney.edu.au.

PMID: 27889387
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.10.021

Abstract

Diet influences health and patterns of disease in populations. How different diets do this and why outcomes of diets vary between individuals are complex and involve interaction with the gut microbiome. A major challenge for predicting health outcomes of the host-microbiome dynamic is reconciling the effects of different aspects of diet (food composition or intake rate) on the system. Here we show that microbial community assembly is fundamentally shaped by a dichotomy in bacterial strategies to access nitrogen in the gut environment. Consequently, the pattern of dietary protein intake constrains the host-microbiome dynamic in ways that are common to a very broad range of diet manipulation strategies. These insights offer a mechanism for the impact of high protein intake on metabolic health and form the basis for a general theory of the impact of different diet strategies on host-microbiome outcomes.

Keywords: aging; diet; geometric framework; gut microbiome; microbial ecology; mucin; nutritional geometry; obesity.

MeSH terms

Animals
Bacteria / drug effects
Bacteria / metabolism
Biodiversity
Computer Simulation
Diet*
Dietary Carbohydrates / pharmacology
Dietary Proteins / pharmacology
Energy Metabolism / drug effects
Food
Health*
Intestinal Mucosa / metabolism*
Intestines / drug effects
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Microbiota* / drug effects
Mucins / metabolism
Nitrogen / metabolism*
Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion

Substances

Dietary Carbohydrates
Dietary Proteins
Mucins
Nitrogen