[Classification of idiopathic generalised epilepsies in patients over 16 years of age]

Rev Neurol. 2017 Jan 16;64(2):49-54.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Idiopathic generalised epilepsies (IGE) are a set of electroclinical syndromes with different phenotypes. Our aim is to analyse those phenotypes in patients over 16 years of age.

Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a series of patients with IGE. They were classified as childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures only (TCSE), epilepsy with eyelid myoclonias and absences (EMA) and pure photogenic epilepsy (PE).

Results: We included 308 patients, the majority females (56.8%), in our study. JME was the most prevalent (40.9%), followed by TCSE (30%), JAE (10%), EMA (8.7%), CAE (7.7%) and PE (1.6%). The types of seizures presented by the most patients were tonic-clonic (89.6%), myoclonic (45.4%), absence (31.4%), reflex seizures (13.3%), eyelid myoclonias (12.6%), non-epileptic psychogenic seizures (3.6%) and status epilepticus (1.9%). They all had generalised spike-and-wave discharges in the electroencephalogram (EEG). 19.2% presented asymmetrical discharges and 28.2% showed a photoparoxysmal response. We observed differences between syndromes in polytherapy (p < 0.0001), withdrawal of therapy (p = 0.01) and being seizure-free beyond the age of 50 (p = 0.004).

Conclusions: JME was the most frequent. Generalised tonic-clonic seizures were the type of seizures presented by the most patients, followed by myoclonic, absent and reflex seizures. The EEG showed a photoparoxysmal response in over a quarter of the patients, and one in five displayed asymmetrical anomalies. Differences were observed according to the syndrome in polytherapy, persistence of seizures and withdrawal of treatment.

Title: Clasificacion de las epilepsias generalizadas idiopaticas en mayores de 16 años.

Introduccion. Las epilepsias generalizadas idiopaticas (EGI) son un conjunto de sindromes electroclinicos con distintos fenotipos. Nuestro objetivo es analizar dichos fenotipos en pacientes mayores de 16 años. Pacientes y metodos. Analizamos retrospectivamente una serie de pacientes con EGI. Los clasificamos en epilepsia de ausencias infantil (EAI), epilepsia de ausencias juvenil (EAJ), epilepsia mioclonica juvenil (EMJ), epilepsia con crisis tonicoclonicas solo (ECTC), epilepsia con ausencias y mioclonias palpebrales (EAM) y epilepsia fotogenica pura (EF). Resultados. Incluimos 308 pacientes, mayoritariamente mujeres (56,8%). La EMJ fue mas prevalente (40,9%), seguida de la ECTC (30%), la EAJ (10%), la EAM (8,7%), la EAI (7,7%) y la EF (1,6%). Los tipos de crisis que presentaron mas pacientes fueron las tonicoclonicas (89,6%), las mioclonicas (45,4%), las ausencias (31,4%), las crisis reflejas (13,3%), las mioclonias palpebrales (12,6%), las crisis psicogenas no epilepticas (3,6%) y el estado epileptico (1,9%). Todos tenian descargas punta-onda generalizada en el electroencefalograma (EEG). El 19,2% presento descargas asimetricas y el 28,2%, respuesta fotoparoxistica. Observamos diferencias entre sindromes en politerapia (p < 0,0001), retirada de tratamiento (p = 0,01) y estar libres de crisis por encima de los 50 años (p = 0,004). Conclusiones. La EMJ fue la EGI mas frecuente. Las crisis tonicoclonicas generalizadas fueron el tipo de crisis que presentaron mas pacientes, seguidas de las mioclonicas, las ausencias y las crisis reflejas. El EEG mostro en mas de una cuarta parte de los pacientes una respuesta fotoparoxistica, y en uno de cada cinco, anomalias asimetricas. Se observaron diferencias segun el sindrome en politerapia, persistencia de crisis y retirada de tratamiento.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age of Onset
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anticonvulsants / therapeutic use
  • Electroencephalography
  • Epilepsy, Generalized / classification*
  • Epilepsy, Generalized / drug therapy
  • Epilepsy, Generalized / physiopathology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Phenotype
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Anticonvulsants