Rhesus iPSC Safe Harbor Gene-Editing Platform for Stable Expression of Transgenes in Differentiated Cells of All Germ Layers

Mol Ther. 2017 Jan 4;25(1):44-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.10.007. Epub 2017 Jan 4.

Abstract

Nonhuman primate (NHP) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer the opportunity to investigate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of proposed iPSC-derived cellular delivery in clinically relevant in vivo models. However, there is need for stable, robust, and safe labeling methods for NHP iPSCs and their differentiated lineages to study survival, proliferation, tissue integration, and biodistribution following transplantation. Here we investigate the utility of the adeno-associated virus integration site 1 (AAVS1) as a safe harbor for the addition of transgenes in our rhesus macaque iPSC (RhiPSC) model. A clinically relevant marker gene, human truncated CD19 (hΔCD19), or GFP was inserted into the AAVS1 site in RhiPSCs using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Genetically modified RhiPSCs maintained normal karyotype and pluripotency, and these clones were able to further differentiate into all three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to transgene delivery using randomly integrating viral vectors, AAVS1 targeting allowed stable transgene expression following differentiation. Off-target mutations were observed in some edited clones, highlighting the importance of careful characterization of these cells prior to downstream applications. Genetically marked RhiPSCs will be useful to further advance clinically relevant models for iPSC-based cell therapies.

Keywords: AAVS1; CRISPR/Cas9; gene editing; induced pluripotent stem cells; nonhuman primate; off-target mutations; rhesus macaque.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biomarkers
  • CRISPR-Cas Systems
  • Cell Differentiation*
  • Cellular Reprogramming
  • Gene Editing*
  • Gene Expression*
  • Gene Targeting
  • Genetic Loci
  • Germ Layers / embryology
  • Germ Layers / metabolism*
  • Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / cytology*
  • Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / metabolism*
  • Macaca mulatta
  • Organ Specificity / genetics
  • Transgenes*

Substances

  • Biomarkers